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Theodore Bruce Bawer (born October 31, 1956), who writes under the name Bruce Bawer, is an American writer who has been a resident of Norway since 1999. He is a literary, film, and cultural critic and poet who has also written about gay rights, Christianity, and Islam. Bawer's writings on literature, gay issues, and Islam have all been highly controversial. While championing such authors such as William Keepers Maxwell, Flannery O'Connor, and Guy Davenport, he has criticized such authors as Norman Mailer and E.L. Doctorow. A member of the New Formalists, a group of poets who promoted the use of traditional forms, he has assailed such poets as Allen Ginsberg for what he views as their lack of polish and technique. Bawer was one of the first gay activists to seriously propose same-sex marriage, notably in his 1993 book ''A Place at the Table'', and his 2006 book ''While Europe Slept'' was one of the first to skeptically examine the rise of Islam in the Western world. Although he has frequently been described as a conservative, Bawer has often protested that such labels are misleading or meaningless. He has explained his views as follows: "Read A Place at the Table and Stealing Jesus and While Europe Slept and Surrender one after the other and you will see that all four books are motivated by a dedication to individual identity and individual freedom and an opposition to groupthink, oppression, tyranny.”〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.brucebawer.com/biog.htm )〕 ==Early life and education== Through his father, Bawer is of Polish descent, and through his mother, his ancestry is English, Welsh, Scottish, Scotch-Irish, and French.〔http://www.brucebawer.com/biog.htm〕 Born and raised in New York City, Bawer attended New York City public schools and Stony Brook University, where he studied literature under the poet Louis Simpson,〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://newthreatstofreedom.com/authors/ )〕 among others. As a graduate student, he taught undergraduate courses in literature and composition. He earned a B.A. in English from Stony Brook in 1978, followed by an M.A. in 1982 and a Ph.D. in 1983, both also in English. While in graduate school, he published essays in such academic journals as ''Notes on Modern American Literature'' and the ''Wallace Stevens Journal'', and opinion pieces in ''Newsweek'', ''The Los Angeles Times'', and elsewhere. His dissertation, “The Middle Generation,” was about the poets Delmore Schwartz, Randall Jarrell, John Berryman, and Robert Lowell. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Bruce Bawer」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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